Supply chain — produzione polpa kraft (processo al solfato)

flowchart LR acrylonitrileAbsPipeline["acrilonitrile (SOHIO) + ABS"] activatedCarbonProductionPipeline["produzione carbone attivo (attivazione a vapore)"] amineGasTreatingPipeline["trattamento gas con ammina (MEA cattura H2S/CO2)"] ammoniaDilutionPipeline["diluizione soluzione acquosa di ammoniaca"] ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline["Ammonia Haber-Bosch + urea pipeline"] bpaPipeline["bisfenolo A da fenolo + acetone"] btxReformingPipeline["BTX da reforming catalitico"] butadieneExtractionPipeline["butadiene da C4 cut (distillazione estrattiva)"] camNMC811Pipeline["materiale catodico CAM NMC811"] chlorAlkaliPipeline["cloro-soda (cella a membrana)"] cobaltRefiningPipeline["raffinazione cobalto metallico"] cokeFromCoalPipeline["Filiera coke da carbone"] copperFoilProductionPipeline["elettrodeposizione foglio rame (grado batteria)"] copperPyrometallurgyPipeline["Filiera rame pirometallurgico"] copperSulfateProductionPipeline["produzione solfato di rame pentaidrato"] crudeOilDistillationPipeline["raffineria petrolio (CDU + VDU)"] epichlorohydrinPipeline["epicloridrina da bio-glicerolo (Epicerol)"] epoxyResinPipeline["resina epossidica DGEBA"] ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline["Ethylene steam cracking pipeline"] fameBiodieselPipeline["biodiesel FAME (transesterificazione con KOH)"] fccPipeline["cracking catalitico (FCC)"] ferrochromePipeline["ferrocromo da cromite"] ferromanganesePipeline["ferromanganese da pirolusite"] ferrosiliconPipeline["ferrosilicio da quarzo + rottame ferro"] goldCyanidationPipeline["oro da cianurazione + CIP"] greenHydrogenPEMPipeline["Filiera idrogeno verde PEM"] hydratedLimePipeline["Filiera calce idratata"] industrialHclPipeline["Filiera HCl industriale"] kraftPulpPipeline["★ produzione polpa kraft (processo al solfato)"]:::root leadImperialSmeltingPipeline["Filiera piombo Imperial Smelting"] limestoneQuarryingPipeline["estrazione cava calcare"] lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline["carbonato di litio da spodumene"] lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline["LiOH·H2O da carbonato di litio"] magnesiumPidgeonPipeline["magnesio Pidgeon"] manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline["produzione solfato di manganese monoidrato (battery grade)"] melaminePipeline["melamina da urea (alta pressione)"] metallurgicalSiliconPipeline["Filiera silicio metallurgico"] molybdenumProductionPipeline["produzione molibdeno metallico (arrostimento + riduzione H2)"] nickelLateriteHPALPipeline["HPAL laterite nichelifera (precipitato idrossido misto MHP)"] nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline["solfato di nichel battery-grade da MHP"] nickelSulfidePipeline["Filiera nichel da solfuri"] phenolHockPipeline["fenolo via processo Hock"] polycarbonatePipeline["policarbonato da BPA (rotta melt)"] polystyrenePipeline["polistirene da stirene"] polyurethanePipeline["poliuretano via MDI"] portlandCementPipeline["Filiera cemento Portland"] pvcPolymerPipeline["Filiera PVC"] saltMiningPipeline["estrazione salgemma + evaporazione salamoia"] sodiumCyanidePipeline["cianuro di sodio da processo Andrussow"] solvaySodaAshPipeline["Filiera soda Solvay"] stainlessSteelPipeline["acciaio inossidabile (via AOD)"] steelBFBOFPipeline["Filiera acciaio (altoforno + BOF)"] sulfurClausPipeline["recupero zolfo Claus da H2S"] sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline["Filiera H2SO4 da zolfo elementale"] tinFromCassiteritePipeline["stagno da cassiterite (carbotermico)"] tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline["TiO2 pigmento via cloruri"] titaniumKrollPipeline["titanio processo Kroll"] zincHydrometallurgyPipeline["Filiera zinco idrometallurgico"] camNMC811Pipeline -->|solfato di sodio| kraftPulpPipeline lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline -->|solfato di sodio| kraftPulpPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| kraftPulpPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| kraftPulpPipeline lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline -->|litio idrossido monoidrat| camNMC811Pipeline ammoniaDilutionPipeline -->|soluzione di ammoniaca ac| camNMC811Pipeline nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline -->|solfato di cobalto eptaid| camNMC811Pipeline cobaltRefiningPipeline -->|solfato di nichel esaidra| camNMC811Pipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| camNMC811Pipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| camNMC811Pipeline manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline -->|solfato di manganese mono| camNMC811Pipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|sodium carbonate| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|sodium carbonate| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| chlorAlkaliPipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| chlorAlkaliPipeline saltMiningPipeline -->|sodium chloride| chlorAlkaliPipeline sodiumCyanidePipeline -->|cianuro di sodio| goldCyanidationPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|minerale aurifero ROM (pr| goldCyanidationPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|anode slime| goldCyanidationPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbone attivo| goldCyanidationPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|hydrated lime| lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline lithiumCarbonateFromSpodumenePipeline -->|carbonato di litio (batte| lithiumHydroxideConversionPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaDilutionPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline nickelLateriteHPALPipeline -->|precipitato idrossido mis| nickelSulfateBatteryPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| cobaltRefiningPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| cobaltRefiningPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| cobaltRefiningPipeline nickelLateriteHPALPipeline -->|precipitato idrossido mis| cobaltRefiningPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline molybdenumProductionPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| manganeseSulfateProductionPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| solvaySodaAshPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| solvaySodaAshPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| solvaySodaAshPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| solvaySodaAshPipeline saltMiningPipeline -->|salamoia| solvaySodaAshPipeline epoxyResinPipeline -->|sodium chloride| solvaySodaAshPipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|nafta| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline fccPipeline -->|GPL FCC| ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperFoilProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperFoilProductionPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|copper| copperFoilProductionPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|zinco| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| zincHydrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline nickelSulfidePipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline molybdenumProductionPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|sulfur dioxide| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline sulfurClausPipeline -->|zolfo| sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| epoxyResinPipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| epoxyResinPipeline epichlorohydrinPipeline -->|epicloridrina| epoxyResinPipeline bpaPipeline -->|bisfenolo A (BPA)| epoxyResinPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| sodiumCyanidePipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| sodiumCyanidePipeline goldCyanidationPipeline -->|sodium hydroxide| sodiumCyanidePipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|CH4| sodiumCyanidePipeline acrylonitrileAbsPipeline -->|acido cianidrico| sodiumCyanidePipeline copperSulfateProductionPipeline -->|solfato di rame| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperPyrometallurgyPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelSulfidePipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| hydratedLimePipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|lime| hydratedLimePipeline portlandCementPipeline -->|lime| hydratedLimePipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|urea| melaminePipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|CH4| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline tio2ChlorideRoutePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferrosiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferrochromePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline stainlessSteelPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline metallurgicalSiliconPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline tinFromCassiteritePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline leadImperialSmeltingPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline titaniumKrollPipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline ferromanganesePipeline -->|carbon monoxide| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline magnesiumPidgeonPipeline -->|ossido di magnesio| nickelLateriteHPALPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|minerale di molibdenite (| molybdenumProductionPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline activatedCarbonProductionPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline btxReformingPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline greenHydrogenPEMPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline chlorAlkaliPipeline -->|hydrogen| molybdenumProductionPipeline steelBFBOFPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline cokeFromCoalPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline fccPipeline -->|coke| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|ossido di zinco| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline limestoneQuarryingPipeline -->|CaCO3| leadImperialSmeltingPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|olio di pirolisi| crudeOilDistillationPipeline crudeOilDistillationPipeline -->|gasolio sotto vuoto (VGO)| fccPipeline amineGasTreatingPipeline -->|acido solfidrico (gas aci| sulfurClausPipeline fameBiodieselPipeline -->|glicerolo (bio, da biodie| epichlorohydrinPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|hydrated lime| epichlorohydrinPipeline hydratedLimePipeline -->|hydrated lime| epichlorohydrinPipeline industrialHclPipeline -->|hydrochloric acid| epichlorohydrinPipeline pvcPolymerPipeline -->|hydrochloric acid| epichlorohydrinPipeline polyurethanePipeline -->|hydrochloric acid| epichlorohydrinPipeline phenolHockPipeline -->|acetone| bpaPipeline polycarbonatePipeline -->|phenol| bpaPipeline melaminePipeline -->|ammonia| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline ammoniaHaberBoschUreaPipeline -->|ammonia| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline solvaySodaAshPipeline -->|ammonia| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline fccPipeline -->|C3H6| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline ethyleneSteamCrackingPipeline -->|C3H6| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline butadieneExtractionPipeline -->|butadiene| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline polystyrenePipeline -->|stirene| acrylonitrileAbsPipeline copperFoilProductionPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperSulfateProductionPipeline zincHydrometallurgyPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperSulfateProductionPipeline sulfuricAcidFromSulfurPipeline -->|sulfuric acid| copperSulfateProductionPipeline copperPyrometallurgyPipeline -->|copper| copperSulfateProductionPipeline classDef root fill:#ffd966,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;